In order to improve vitality of the newly harvested tobacco seeds, we investigated the effects of maturities of capsule and seed, seed bags, and desiccants on seed vitality. The results showed that the initial seed moisture content decreased with seed maturity, seed moisture content decreased with the desiccant rate, the seed moisture content was lower in cotton bag than that in nylon mesh bags, and the seed moisture content of capsule shell of the seed was higher than non-shelled seeds. The seeds vitality of desiccant treatment was higher than that in non-treatment.