Germplasm resources are the foundation of crop breeding and production. The species and distribution of tobacco in China were elaborated in this study. Furthermore, we also introduced the conservation and characters of wild species of tobacco, flue-cured tobacco, sun/air-cured tobacco, oriental tobacco, burley tobacco and rustica tobacco in detail. The number of each species conserved in National Genebank of Tobacco were analyzed and compared. All of the above will benefit much for the further collection, conservation and utilization of tobacco germplasm.