This study was conducted to determine the effects of phosphorus application on chemical components and aroma substance contents of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Results showed that phosphorus fertilizer could decrease the starch content, reduce the differences between upper and lower leaves and improve the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine. Meanwhile, phosphorus application could significantly increase the main aroma components contents, such as benzyl alcohol, keto-isophorone, megastigmatrienone, and neophytadiene, resulting in the improvement of aroma and taste of tobacco leaves. Among all of the treatments, the tobacco leaves in treatment with phosphorus rate of 90 kg/hm2 exhibited the optimum coordination of chemical components and the highest contents of main aroma components.