In this paper, the annual input and output balances of N, P and K nutrients in flue-cured tobacco production in China were calculated, and the nutrient use efficiency and their impacts on environment were discussed. Taking the nutrient balance results of the year 2003 as an example, the total amount of nutrients input in flue-cured tobacco production in whole China was N 1.37×105 t (including chemical fertilizer 1.15×105 t), P2O5 1.09×105 t (including chemical fertilizer 1.08×105 t), and K2O 2.6×105 t (including chemical fertilizer 2.59×105 t). The chemical fertilizer input accounted for 83.4%(N), 99.2%(P2O5) and 99.4%(K2O) of the total nutrient input in flue-cured tobacco production, respectively. The nutrients taken out by tobacco plants (include roots, stems and leaves) were 7.3×104 t N, 8×103 t P2O5 and 7.2×104 t K2O, which were 52.8%，7.6% and 27.7% of the total N, P2O5 and K2O input, respectively. The proportion of the chemical fertilizer input in flue-cured tobacco production to whole countrywide chemical fertilizer input was 0.5% (N), 1.5% ( P2O5) and 5.9% ( K2O), respectively.