不同種植方式下烤煙煙田土壤酶活性研究
Effects of Different Tobacco Planting Systems on Soil Enzyme Activities
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摘要: 以棕壤為供試土壤,，研究了烤煙不同種植方式(綠肥烤煙輪作、烤煙純作,、麥茬煙和麥套煙)對煙田耕層土壤酶活性的影響,。結(jié)果表明，在研究時段內(nèi),，耕層土壤(0～25 cm)的過氧化氫酶,、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性在4 種種植方式下均無顯著差異，但3 種土壤酶活性隨時間的變化各異,，其中過氧化氫酶隨時間變化較平穩(wěn),，在烤煙移栽后30 d(6 月20 日)有最低值；蔗糖酶活性在烤煙移栽30 d 后有所下降,，隨后逐漸升高,，在采收期(9 月7 日)達(dá)到最高值；脲酶活性在烤煙現(xiàn)蕾期(移栽后68 d)達(dá)到最高值,，隨后急劇降低,。就不同土壤層次(0～5 cm，5～15 cm,，15～25 cm)而言,，煙田土壤過氧化氫酶和脲酶活性在耕層內(nèi)隨土壤深度增加而增加，但增幅較??；而蔗糖酶活性在耕層內(nèi)隨土層深度大致呈現(xiàn)先增加后減小的趨勢。在整個烤煙生育期內(nèi)土壤酶活性的時間變異表現(xiàn)為,，土壤脲酶的時間變異系數(shù)最大,，顯示其受外界環(huán)境的影響最大；蔗糖酶次之,，而過氧化氫酶最小,，其季節(jié)變化最穩(wěn)定。Abstract: In order to study the effect of different tobacco planting systems (green manure-tobacco with crop rotation, monoculture-tobacco, wheat-tobacco with crop-rotation and inter-cropping) on soil enzyme activities, soil samples were taken from brown soil in Yishui county, Shandong Province. Results showed that in the study period (from 24 Mar to 7 Sep in 2009), the soil catalase, sucrase and urase activity in plowed layers (0-25cm) were not significantly different under different planting systems. However, three soil enzyme activities varied with seasons differently. The activity of catalase changed with a small fluctuation in overall, but reached the minimum after 30 days of the flue-cured tobacco transplanting (20 Jun). Sucrase activity decreased after 30 days of the flue-cured tobacco transplanting, then it gradually increased, and reached the maximum at the harvest period (7 Sep.). Urase activity reached the maximum at squaring stage (68 days after the flue-cured tobacco transplanting) and then dramatically decreased. In terms of the different soil layers (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, 15-25 cm), the catalase and urase activities increased with soil depth in the plowed layers, but the range was very small. The order of protease activity with soil depth was 5-15cm >0-5cm >15-25cm. In the whole growth period of flue-cured tobacco, the temporal variability of three soil enzymes was also analyzed. Soil urase had the largest temporal variation coefficient, which meant it had the largest effect by the outer environment in the whole tobacco growth period. Soil sucrase took the second place. Soil catalase had the smallest temporal variation coefficient, with a most stable seasonal variation.
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