儲(chǔ)煙害蟲防治過程中減少磷化氫使用量和排放量的措施
Reducing Phosphine Usage and Atmospheric Emission during Insect Control Process in Tobacco Storage
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摘要: 為了減少煙草倉貯害蟲防治過程中磷化氫的使用量和向大氣的直接排放量,，考察了不同清潔隔離措施對(duì)倉內(nèi)蟲口數(shù)量的影響,，開展了不同溫度條件下低劑量磷化鋁熏蒸試驗(yàn)及熏蒸余氣磷化氫的化學(xué)吸收處理試驗(yàn),。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：1)隔離倉間內(nèi)的蟲口數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)低于普通倉間；2)在夏季較高溫度條件下,，磷化鋁熏蒸的用藥量可以由常規(guī)的6.0 g/m3 左右降低至4.0 g/m3 左右,；3)飽和漂粉精溶液能有效吸收磷化氫，但在大規(guī)模試驗(yàn)中難以實(shí)現(xiàn)一次性的徹底凈化,。研究表明,，減少磷化氫的使用量和排放量，應(yīng)當(dāng)從加強(qiáng)清潔隔離,、適當(dāng)降低磷化鋁熏蒸的單位體積用藥量,、對(duì)熏蒸余氣進(jìn)行凈化處理等三個(gè)方面采取綜合措施。Abstract: In order to reduce the usage and the direct emission of phosphine into the atmosphere during insect control process in tobacco storage, we investigated the effect of different cleaning and isolate measures on insect population, and conducted an experiment on low-dose aluminium phosphide fumigation at different temperatures and the chemical absorption experiment of phosphine. The results showed that the insect population in isolated warehouses was lower than that in the ordinary warehouses, and at high temperature in summer, the conventional aluminium phosphide unit dosage 6.0 g/m3 could be reduced to about 4.0g/m3; while the saturated calcium oxychloride solution proved moderately effective in reducing phosphine, although not completely. We suggest that comprehensive consideration is necessary in reducing the usage and the direct release of phosphine into the atmosphere, with the measures of warehouse sanitation, fumigation with low fumigant unit dosage and phosphine decontamination after fumigation.
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