不同煙草群體間遺傳多樣性分析
Genetic Diversity Analysis on Different Tobacco Populations
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摘要: 利用SRAP 標(biāo)記對(duì)81 份煙草種質(zhì)進(jìn)行遺傳多樣性分析,，根據(jù)種性來(lái)源將81 份種質(zhì)材料分為黃花煙地方種質(zhì),、普通煙草地方種質(zhì)、選育種質(zhì)以及引進(jìn)種質(zhì)四個(gè)群體,。結(jié)果表明：（1）從160 對(duì)引物組合中篩選出17 對(duì)擴(kuò)增帶清晰,、重復(fù)性和多態(tài)性好的引物用于81 份煙草種質(zhì)資源遺傳多樣性研究，共檢測(cè)到163 個(gè)位點(diǎn),，其中123 個(gè)位點(diǎn)具有多態(tài)性，多態(tài)性比例為75.5%,，平均每個(gè)引物檢測(cè)到10 個(gè)位點(diǎn),。遺傳多樣性指數(shù)（Nei’s）和Shannon’s 指數(shù)分別為0.41 和0.57，種質(zhì)間遺傳相似系數(shù)變異范圍在0.11～0.99 之間,，說(shuō)明我國(guó)煙草種質(zhì)資源中存在著豐富的遺傳變異,。（2）四個(gè)群體遺傳差異由大到小分別為：黃花煙地方種質(zhì)＞普通煙地方種質(zhì)＞引進(jìn)種質(zhì)＞選育種質(zhì)。（3）聚類分析可將81 份種質(zhì)材料劃分為黃花煙草和普通煙草2 大類群,，烤煙,、曬晾煙、白肋煙,、雪茄煙以及香料煙五種栽培類型之間沒有明確的界線,；聚類分析和主坐標(biāo)分析計(jì)算結(jié)果表明，黃花煙地方種質(zhì)與其它三個(gè)群體的遺傳距離較遠(yuǎn),，表明目前在我國(guó)煙草育種中對(duì)黃花煙的利用較少,。引進(jìn)種質(zhì)和選育種質(zhì)群體間遺傳相似系數(shù)為0.99，說(shuō)明目前我國(guó)煙草育種中較多利用引進(jìn)種質(zhì),，對(duì)具有豐富遺傳變異的地方品種利用較少,，育種親本遺傳基礎(chǔ)狹隘。Abstract: Levels of genetic variation within 81 tobacco collection, including four populations (N.rustica L. 43 landrace, N.tabacum L. 13 landrace,，10 bred and 15 introduced lines), were investigated using sequence related amplified polymorphism(SRAP). The results were as follows：(1)Totally 163 loci were produced with 123 polymorphic loci(75.5%) using 17 different primer combinations selected from 160 primers combinations and there were ten loci every primer combinations. A high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Nei’s genetic diversity analysis (0.41), Shannon’s information index analysis (0.57). （2） The genetic differentiation was different within the four populations: N.rustica L. landrace population〉N. tabacum L. population landrace > introduced population> bred population. (3) The cluster analysis indicated 81 tobacco germplasms were divided as N. rustica L. and N. tabacom L. Genetic difference between Flue-cured,、sun/air-cured、cigar,、oriental and burley were small. The genetic relationship among populations was studied by Nei unbiased genetic coefficient and Nei unbiased genetic distance, clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCO). The genetic distance was far between N.rustica L. landrace population and the other three N.tabacum L. populations, which indicated less N.rustica L. lines were used to tobacco breeding. The genetic coefficient was 0.99 between introduced population and bred population. This indicated that introduced germplasm were applied to tobacco breeding much more than landrace germplasm, so the genetic diversity of breeding parents was lower.
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