全國(guó)16 個(gè)主產(chǎn)煙省(區(qū)) 煙草侵染性病害調(diào)研報(bào)告
A report of investigating and study ing tobacco infectious diseases of 16 ma in tobacco produc ing prov inces (reg ion s) in China
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摘要: 經(jīng)過(guò)全國(guó)16 個(gè)主產(chǎn)煙省(區(qū)) 煙草侵染性病害調(diào)查研究協(xié)作組3 年的調(diào)查,、研究和鑒定, 共查清煙草侵染性病害68 種, 已鑒定的62 種, 尚待鑒定的6 種。在62 種病害中國(guó)內(nèi)首次報(bào)道的11 種, 5 種是世界上首次報(bào)道, 它們是煙草莖點(diǎn)病,、煙草細(xì)菌性葉斑病、煙草細(xì)菌性黑莖病,、煙草細(xì)菌性黑腐病及日本菟絲子, 都是偶然發(fā)生的病害,。62 種病害中主要煙草病害有15 種, 其分布范圍為11～ 16 個(gè)省(區(qū)), 其為害嚴(yán)重省(區(qū)) 為1～ 14 個(gè)省(區(qū)), 為害中等省(區(qū)) 為2～ 9 個(gè)省(區(qū))。62 種病害依病原物劃分, 其中真菌性病害30 種, 細(xì)菌性病害8 種, 病毒病害17 種, 類菌原體病害2種, 線蟲病害3 種及寄生性種子植物2 種,。就煙草花葉病(主要包括煙草普通花葉病毒病和黃瓜花葉病毒病),、赤星病、黑脛病,、青枯病和根結(jié)線蟲病5 種煙草主要病害, 1989～ 1991 年3 年所造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失, 進(jìn)行了損失估計(jì)研究, 據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)煙葉產(chǎn)量損失418 億多kg, 產(chǎn)值損失15 億多元,。煙草病害為害程度, 僅此可見(jiàn)一斑。從煙草病害發(fā)展史著眼, 煙草病害一直威脅著煙草的產(chǎn)質(zhì), 所以為保護(hù)煙草生產(chǎn)與病害長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)的任務(wù)是艱巨的。Abstract: Th rough th ree years of invest igat ion s and studies by the Co llabo rat ive Group of 16m ain p rovinces ( region s)of tobacco p roduct ion in Ch ina, 62 infect iou s diseases of tobacco have been invest igated and iden t if ided. O f them, 11 diseases w ere f irst found in Ch ina, and 5 diseasesw ere f irst repo rted in the wo rld. They aretobacco stem speck (P hom a n icotianae Yu et Hua), tobacco bacterial leaf spo t X an thom onas camp estris pv. vesica toria (Do idge)Dye , tobacco bacterial b lack stem E rw in ia ca rotovola subsp, a trosep eitica (V an Hall) Dye , tobacco bacterial b lack ro t X an thom onas camp estris pv. camp estris (Pamm el)Dow son , and J apanese dodder (Cuscu ta jap on ica Cho rs), and all of them occu rred occasionally. O f the 62 diseases there are 15 seriou s ones, generally dist ribu t ing in 14～ 16 p rovinces ( region s) and cau sing seriou s lo sses in 1～ 14 p rovinces( region s). They are m ino r diseases o r do no t cau se seriou s lo sses in 2～ 9 p rovinces ( region s). A cco rding to catego ries of pathogen s, the 62 diseases m ay be divided in to: 30 cau sed by fungi, 8 by bacteria, 17 by viru ses, 2 by m ycop lasm a, 3 by nem atodes, and 2 by seed p lan t s.By the im comp lete stat ist ics in 1989～ 1991, the 5 diseases, tobacco mo saic ( including TMV, CMV and even PV Y), b row n spo t, b lank shank, bacterial Granville w ilt and nem atode roo t kno t, cau sed leaf lo ss to 0148 b illion kg and the ou tpu t value lo ss to 115 b illion yuan (RMB). These f igu res show the seriou sness of the tobacco diseases. F rom the viewpo in t of the developm en t h isto ry of phytopatho logy, tobacco diseases are a p resen t p ract ical and long- term po ten t ial th reat to the yield and quality of tobacco. Therefo re, it is a hard task to p ro tect the tobacco p roduct ion and to st ruggle again st tobacco diseases.
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