我國烤煙生產(chǎn)體系中的養(yǎng)分平衡
Nutrient Input and Output Balance in Flue-Cured Tobacco Production in China
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摘要: 根據(jù)不同途徑輸入的養(yǎng)分和植株帶出的養(yǎng)分，計算了我國烤煙生產(chǎn)體系中氮,、磷,、鉀3種大量元素的輸入輸出量及其平衡狀況，并對烤煙生產(chǎn)中的養(yǎng)分利用率及其對環(huán)境的影響進行了分析,。以2003年養(yǎng)分平衡結(jié)果為例,，我國烤煙生產(chǎn)中年投入的純養(yǎng)分總量分別為氮13.7萬噸（其中化肥氮11.5萬噸）、磷10.9萬噸（其中化肥磷10.8萬噸）,，鉀26.0萬噸（其中化肥鉀25.9萬噸）,。化肥氮,、磷,、鉀養(yǎng)分的投入量分別占烤煙生產(chǎn)中養(yǎng)分投入總量的83.4%、99.2%和99.4%,。煙株（包括根莖葉）帶出的氮,、磷、鉀養(yǎng)分量為7.3萬噸,、0.8萬噸和7.2萬噸,，分別占氮、磷,、鉀養(yǎng)分投入總量的52.8%,、7.6%和27.7%；烤煙生產(chǎn)中投入的氮,、磷,、鉀化肥養(yǎng)分占全國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中化肥養(yǎng)分投入量的比例分別為0.5%、1.5%和5.9%,。Abstract: In this paper, the annual input and output balances of N, P and K nutrients in flue-cured tobacco production in China were calculated, and the nutrient use efficiency and their impacts on environment were discussed. Taking the nutrient balance results of the year 2003 as an example, the total amount of nutrients input in flue-cured tobacco production in whole China was N 1.37×105 t (including chemical fertilizer 1.15×105 t), P2O5 1.09×105 t (including chemical fertilizer 1.08×105 t), and K2O 2.6×105 t (including chemical fertilizer 2.59×105 t). The chemical fertilizer input accounted for 83.4%(N), 99.2%(P2O5) and 99.4%(K2O) of the total nutrient input in flue-cured tobacco production, respectively. The nutrients taken out by tobacco plants (include roots, stems and leaves) were 7.3×104 t N, 8×103 t P2O5 and 7.2×104 t K2O, which were 52.8%,，7.6% and 27.7% of the total N, P2O5 and K2O input, respectively. The proportion of the chemical fertilizer input in flue-cured tobacco production to whole countrywide chemical fertilizer input was 0.5% (N), 1.5% ( P2O5) and 5.9% ( K2O), respectively.
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