貴州烤煙TMV的越冬存活
Survival of Flue-cured Tobacco TMV Through the Winter in Guizhou
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摘要: 研究了貴州煙草普通花葉病毒（TMV）在烤煙不同煙株殘體和其它寄主植物上的越冬存活情況。結(jié)果表明,，①病稈露在土表比埋在土中,，TMV更容易失去侵染力；TMV在粗根中存活的時間比在莖,、葉中長,，在葉片中存活的時間最短；病莖,、葉中的TMV在水環(huán)境中經(jīng)過10個月失去侵染力,；在室內(nèi)過冬的病煙稈和在土中過冬的煙樁能導(dǎo)致假植煙苗嚴重發(fā)病。②經(jīng)過6～11月后,，土表的病煙杈中未能檢出有侵染力的TMV,；用病煙杈作豬飼料，煮后仍有較多病毒存活,。③病株種子的果殼碎屑有病毒存活,，但不導(dǎo)致煙苗發(fā)病。④僅在番茄,、辣椒、白菜和剌天茄等其它寄主中檢出TMV,?？傮w認為，病株煙稈,、煙根是TMV的主要越冬處所,，即初侵染來源；剌天茄是重要的野生寄主,。因此,，提出以合理處理煙株殘體、輪作和使用抑芽劑為主的防治對策,，此對TMV的預(yù)防具有積極意義,。Abstract: The survival of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in different flue-cured plant residues and other host plants in Guizhou was studied. The result indicated that TMV was easier to survive when inhabiting inside soils than on soil surfaces. TMV survived longer in large roots than in leaves and stems, and it lived longer in stems than in leaves. TMV in stems and leaves submerged by water lost its infectivity after 10 months. Stems and stakes with TMV stored inside houses during the winter or in fields caused temporarily transplanted seedlings to be infected severely. The tobacco suckers with TMV lost its infectivity after 6~11 months, while they kept a lot of TMV as a cooked pig food. Regularly, the seed shells from tobacco plants with TMV had some virus to live, but it was not harmful to tobacco seedlings. TMV was just found in other host plants such as tomato, pimiento, cabbage and Solanum incanum. So we suppose that the over wintering hosts of TMV include tobacco stems and roots mostly, but the Solanum incanum is the wild and noticeable one. Therefore the main measures including taking tobacco residues away with reason, rotation and using sucker agents are very effective to prevent TMV.
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