不同肥料配比對(duì)南方煙田土壤養(yǎng)分淋溶的影響
Effects of Different Fertilizer Ratio on Nutrient Leaching in Tobacco Fields of South China
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摘要: 為探明大田烤煙基肥施用方式對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分淋溶的影響，通過(guò)田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),，對(duì)5種不同肥料配比下土壤養(yǎng)分淋溶規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明,，烤煙生長(zhǎng)期的煙田土壤氮素淋失以硝態(tài)氮為主，呈現(xiàn)出先低后高,，然后降低的趨勢(shì),，單施無(wú)機(jī)肥處理的淋溶量最大，對(duì)地下水污染存在潛在危險(xiǎn),；銨態(tài)氮淋溶量很少，下層土壤淋溶水銨態(tài)氮的質(zhì)量濃度呈現(xiàn)低－高－低的趨勢(shì),，不同處理間差異明顯，施用高比例有機(jī)肥有利于減少銨態(tài)氮淋溶,；土壤淋溶水速效鉀動(dòng)態(tài)變化呈現(xiàn)低－高－低的規(guī)律，有機(jī),、無(wú)機(jī)肥配施可不同程度減少速效鉀的淋失率,，單施無(wú)機(jī)肥對(duì)地下水的污染威脅高于其它處理,。為減少土壤養(yǎng)分淋溶,，在我國(guó)南方烤煙基肥施用方式上,，提倡20%以上的有機(jī)肥與無(wú)機(jī)肥配施。Abstract: A field experiment with five fertilizer treatments was carried out to study the effects of various fertilizer rates on nutrient leaching in soil in Liuyang, Hunan Province. Results indicated that NO3--N was the main part of nitrogen leaching in growth stage of flue-cured tobacco, and the content of NO3--N decreased firstly, then increased and decreased subsequently. The maximum level of NO3-N leaching was observed in the treatment of zero organic fertilizer, with potential pollution to underground water. The loss of NH4+-N by leaching was quite low, and the content of NH4+-N decreased firstly, followed by increase and decrease in lower soil layer. Significant difference occurred between different treatments, and higher ratio of organic fertilizer could reduce the leaching level of NH4+-N. Dynamic changes of potassium content appeared low to high to low subsequently, and the leaching level of soluble potassium decreased with the increasing ratio of organic fertilizer, with higher pollution rate to underground water in zero organic treatment. The organic fertilizer exceeding 20% of basal fertilizer might be favorable for less leaching of soil nutrients in South China.
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